{"id":838,"date":"2015-04-01T10:15:52","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T17:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/homepages.uc.edu\/~yaozo\/wordpress\/?p=838"},"modified":"2015-04-01T10:15:52","modified_gmt":"2015-04-01T17:15:52","slug":"spatial-cheatsheet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/2015\/04\/01\/spatial-cheatsheet\/","title":{"rendered":"Spatial Cheatsheet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"span12\">\n<p>This cheatsheet is an attempt to supply you with the key functions and manipulations of spatial vector and raster data. It does not have examples for you to cut and paste, its intention is to provoke the &#8220;Oh yes, that&#8217;s how you do it&#8221; thought when stuck.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"span6\">\n<h2>Packages<\/h2>\n<div id=\"packages\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">library<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">sp<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"comment\"># vector data<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">library<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">raster<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"comment\"># raster data<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">library<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">rgdal<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"comment\"># input\/output, projections<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">library<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">rgeos<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"comment\"># geometry ops<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">library<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">spdep<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"comment\"># spatial dependence<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"span6\">\n<h2>Links<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/views\/Spatial.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spatial Task View<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/stat.ethz.ch\/mailman\/listinfo\/R-SIG-Geo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R-SIG-Geo mailing list<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/r-forge.r-project.org\/softwaremap\/trove_list.php?form_cat=353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spatial at R-forge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/rwiki.sciviews.org\/doku.php?id=tips:spatial-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spatial at R-wiki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/crantastic.org\/task_views\/Spatial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spatial at Crantastic!<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;map&#8221; at RGM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.osgeo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OSgeo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/tags\/r\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StackOverflow R Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"span4\">\n<h2>Points<\/h2>\n<div id=\"points\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># points from scratch<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">coords<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">sp<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialPoints\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialPoints<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">coords<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># make spatial data frame<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">spdf<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialPointsDataFrame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialPointsDataFrame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">coords<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">data<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">spdf<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialPointsDataFrame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialPointsDataFrame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">sp<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">data<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># promote data frame to spatial<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=coordinates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coordinates<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">data<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=coordinates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coordinates<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">data<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">~<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">lon<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">+<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">lat<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># back to data<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=as.data.frame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as.data.frame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">data<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##      lon   lat Z\n## 1 11.515 24.52 d\n## 2  7.056 27.11 a\n## 3 12.945 30.09 c\n## 4 12.793 24.72 e\n## 5 12.888 28.24 b\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"symbol\">data<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">@<\/span><span class=\"slot\">data<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##   Z\n## 1 d\n## 2 a\n## 3 c\n## 4 e\n## 5 b\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=bbox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bbox<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">spdf<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##      min   max\n## x  7.056 12.94\n## y 24.520 30.09\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"span4\">\n<h2>Lines<\/h2>\n<div id=\"linesdemo\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"symbol\">c1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">c2<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">c3<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># simple line strings<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">L1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Line\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Line<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">c1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">L2<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Line\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Line<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">c2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">L3<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Line\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Line<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">c3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># single\/multiple line strings<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">Ls1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Lines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lines<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">L1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ID<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"a\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">Ls2<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Lines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lines<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">L2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">L3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ID<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"b\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># with spatial nature<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SL1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialLines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialLines<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Ls1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SL12<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialLines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialLines<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Ls1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">Ls2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># made into spatial data frame<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SLDF<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialLinesDataFrame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialLinesDataFrame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">SL12<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=data.frame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data.frame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">Z<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\"Road\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"River\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">row.names<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\"a\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"string\">\"b\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=as.data.frame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as.data.frame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">SLDF<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##       Z\n## a  Road\n## b River\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialLinesLengths\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialLinesLengths<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">SLDF<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">## [1] 2.414 4.828\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"span4\">\n<h2>Polygons<\/h2>\n<div id=\"unnamed-chunk-1\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># single ring feature<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">c1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=rbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">c1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">c1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"comment\"># join<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">P1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Polygon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygon<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">Ps1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Polygons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygons<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">P1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ID<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"a\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># double ring feature<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">c2a<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x2a<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y2a<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r2a<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=rbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">c2a<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">c2a<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">c2b<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">x2b<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y2b<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r2b<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=rbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">c2b<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">c2b<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"symbol\">P2a<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Polygon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygon<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r2a<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">P2b<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Polygon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygon<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r2b<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">Ps2<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Polygons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygons<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">P2a<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">P2b<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ID<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"b\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># Spatial Polygons Data Frame<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SPs<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialPolygons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialPolygons<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Ps1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">Ps2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"symbol\">SPDF<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialPolygonsDataFrame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialPolygonsDataFrame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">SPs<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=data.frame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data.frame<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">N<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\"one\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"two\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">row.names<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\"a\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"b\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SPDF<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">@<\/span><span class=\"slot\">data<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##     N\n## a one\n## b two\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># single ring with hole<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">hc1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=cbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">xh1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">yh1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">hr1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=rbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">hc1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">hc1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">H1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Polygon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygon<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">hr1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">hole<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">TRUE<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">P1h<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=Polygons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polygons<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">P1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">H1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ID<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"c\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SP1h<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialPolygons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialPolygons<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">P1h<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># plot(SP1h,usePolypath=TRUE)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"span4\">\n<h2>Raster<\/h2>\n<div id=\"unnamed-chunk-2\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># from x,y,z-matrix<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=raster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">x<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">x<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">y<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">z<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">z<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># rows and columns values<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"number\">3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##  [1] 0.7377 0.3342 0.6924 0.3482 0.2972 0.8148 0.8212 0.5362 0.8750 0.9808 0.2729\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"number\">2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##  [1] 0.40396 0.79350 0.33422 0.25095 0.64577 0.88173 0.50432 0.73244 0.98500 0.13277 0.59993 0.04035\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=extent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extent<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">## class       : Extent \n## xmin        : 22.95 \n## xmax        : 29.45 \n## ymin        : 44 \n## ymax        : 46.3 \n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=dim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dim<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">## [1] 11 12  1\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># create empty, then fill<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r2<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=raster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">nrows<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">nrows<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ncols<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">ncols<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">xmn<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">xmn<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">xmx<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">xmx<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ymn<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">ymn<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ymx<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">ymx<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=runif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">runif<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">nrows<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">*<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">ncols<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># create from extent, then set values<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r3<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=raster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=extent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extent<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">nrows<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">nrows<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ncols<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">ncols<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=values\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">values<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=runif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">runif<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">nrows<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">*<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">ncols<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># multi-band stack<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">s1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=stack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stack<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">r2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">r3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=dim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dim<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">s1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">## [1] 11 12  3\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># multi-band brick<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">b1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=brick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brick<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">r2<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">r3<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"span4\">\n<h2>Coordinates<\/h2>\n<div id=\"coords\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># EPSG strings<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">latlong<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"+init=epsg:4326\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">ukgrid<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"+init=epsg:27700\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">google<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"+init=epsg:3857\"<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># Spatial*<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=proj4string\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proj4string<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">SPDF<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">## [1] NA\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=proj4string\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proj4string<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">SPDF<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=CRS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRS<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">latlong<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SL1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=SpatialLines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpatialLines<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Ls1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">proj4string<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=CRS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRS<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">latlong<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># Raster CRS<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=projection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projection<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">## [1] \"NA\"\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># - assign or set on creation<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=projection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projection<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=CRS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRS<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">latlong<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=raster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">x<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">x<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">y<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">y<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">z<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">z<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">crs<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">latlong<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># Transform Spatial*<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">SPtrans<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=spTransform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spTransform<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">SPDF<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=CRS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRS<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">google<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># Transform\/Warp Raster<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">rTrans<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=projectRaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projectRaster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">crs<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">google<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"span4\">\n<h2>I\/O<\/h2>\n<div id=\"io\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># -- vectors<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># avoid - doesn't read CRS<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">library<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">maptools<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">shapes<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=readShapeSpatial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">readShapeSpatial<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\"data.shp\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># read\/write shapefiles (and others)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\">#  - list formats<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=ogrDrivers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ogrDrivers<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">shapes<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=readOGR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">readOGR<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\".\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=writeOGR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writeOGR<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">shapes<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\".\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"data\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"ESRI Shapefile\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=writeOGR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writeOGR<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">shapes<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"towns.kml\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"towns\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"KML\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># -- rasters<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># creates SpatialGrid objects<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=readGDAL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">readGDAL<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\"data.tif\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># create Rasters\/Brick objects from files<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">r<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=raster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"string\">\"data.tif\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># - write Raster to GeoTIFF<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=writeRaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writeRaster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"data2.tif\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"GTiff\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># - supported formats<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=writeFormats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">writeFormats<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># or for Google Earth<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=KML\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KML<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"r.kmz\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"span6\">\n<h2>Manipulation<\/h2>\n<div id=\"manip\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># Spatial*DataFrames<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\">#<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># subset(Towns,pop&gt;29000) doesn't work<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">BigTowns<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=subset\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">subset<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">$<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">pop<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"number\">29000<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">BigTowns<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">$<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">pop<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"number\">29000<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">BigAndSmall<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=rbind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rbind<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">BigTowns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">SmallTowns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># points in zones<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">[<\/span><span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">:<\/span><span class=\"number\">10<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">]<\/span> <span class=\"keyword\">%over%<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">Zones<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"output\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\">##  [1]  1 NA  2 NA NA  2 NA NA NA  1\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr\"><span class=\"comment\"># rasters<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># - sample points<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">vpt<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=extract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extract<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">sPoints<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># - sample polygons<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">vpoly<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=extract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extract<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">sPolys<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"comment\"># - crop an area<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">e<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=extent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extent<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=raster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raster<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">xmn<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">25<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">xmx<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">27<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ymn<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">44.5<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">ymx<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">45.5<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"symbol\">cr1<\/span> <span class=\"assignement\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=crop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crop<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">e<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"span6\">\n<h2>Plotting<\/h2>\n<div id=\"plots\" class=\"chunk\">\n<div class=\"transcript\">\n<div class=\"source\">\n<pre class=\"knitr \"><span class=\"comment\"># scale colour<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=library\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">library<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">RColorBrewer<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=palette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">palette<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=brewer.pal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brewer.pal<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"number\">6<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"YlOrRd\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=plot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plot<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">col<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"package\">plotrix<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">:::<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=rescale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rescale<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">$<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">pop<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"number\">6<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">pch<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">19<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># scale size<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=plot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plot<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">cex<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"package\">plotrix<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">:::<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=rescale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rescale<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">$<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">pop<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"number\">4<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">pch<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">19<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># polygons<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=plot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plot<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Zones<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">col<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">fillColour<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">border<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">outlineColour<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># sp colours<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=sp.theme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sp.theme<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">set<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">TRUE<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">regions<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"argument\">col<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"symbol\">colours<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=spplot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spplot<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">Towns<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"string\">\"pop\"<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># rasters<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=plot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plot<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">r1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"comment\"># true colour from bricks<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/rgm2.lab.nig.ac.jp\/RGM2\/search.php?query=plotRGB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plotRGB<\/a><span class=\"keyword\">(<\/span><span class=\"symbol\">b1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">,<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">scale<\/span> <span class=\"argument\">=<\/span> <span class=\"number\">1<\/span><span class=\"keyword\">)<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<footer>\u00a9 Barry Rowlingson 2012 | stock imagery from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sxc.hu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stock.xchng<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nUseR 2012 Spatial Data Workshop is licensed under a <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License<\/a>.<\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This cheatsheet is an attempt to supply you with the key functions and manipulations of spatial vector and raster data. It does not have examples&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-r"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuoyao.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}